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Showing posts with the label #declensions

कारक - I

We have earlier seen that subject of a sentence is called kartru कर्तृ - and it will be प्रथमा विभक्ति Let us look at other declensions of nouns. कर्मकारकम् The object of a sentence is called कर्म in Sanskrit. The words which are objects will be in second declension - द्वितीया विभक्ति  or कर्म कारक Let us look at an example माता भोजनं यच्छति। In this sentence the subject is माता. And the object is भोजनं. Mother brings the meal. Object answers the question what or whom of the verb. Let us look at few more examples. रमा तत्र त्रीणि पात्राणि स्थापयति।  Here what does Rama keep? She keeps रीणि पात्राणि. पुत्रः जलं पिबति।                        Son drinks water. पिता तिस्रः चटकाः पश्यन्ति।        Father sees three sparrows. पिता कन्यां कथयति।                ...

Declension tables - Sanskrit Vibhakti

राम शब्द अकारान्त पुल्लिङ्ग विभक्ति एकवचन द्विवचन बहुवचन प्रथमा रामः रामौ रामाः द्वितीया रामम् रामौ रामान् तृतीया रामेण रामाभ्याम् रामैः चतुर्थी रामाय रामाभ्यम् रामेभ्यः पञ्चमी रामात् रामाभ्यम् रामेभ्यः षष्ठी रामस्य रामयोः रामाणाम् सप्तमी रामे रामयोः रामेषु सम्बोधना हे राम हे रामौ हे  रामा:    रमा शब्द आकारान्त स्त्रील्लिङ्ग विभक्ति एकवचन द्विवचन बहुवचन प्रथमा रमा रमे रमाः द्वितीया रमाम् रमे रमाः तृतीया रमया रमाभ्याम् रमाभिः चतुर्थी रमायै रमाभ्याम् रमाभ्यः पञ्चमी रमायाः रमाभ्याम् रमाभ्यः षष्ठी रमायाः रमयोः रमाणाम् सप्तमी रमायाम् रमयोः रमासु सम्बोधना हे रमे हे रमे हे रमाः हरि शब्द इकारान्त पुल्लिङ्ग विभक्ति एकवचन द्विवचन बहुवचन प्रथमा हरि: हरी हरय: द्वितीया हरिम् हरी हरीन् ...

Vibhakti - Declensions in detail

 Many Sanskrit students find declensions hard to remember. Is one supposed to memorize them? Whenever I see a noun which is not subject, I start mumbling राम: रामौ रामा: रामं .. That is not right. May be one should understand what these are and how to form these. Let us start with Nominative case Nominative case प्रथमा विभक्ति A noun is in nominative case when it is the subject of a sentence.  रामः गच्छति|  Here रामः is the subject of the sentence and it is in nominative case. Accusative case द्वितीया विभक्ति The noun which is the direct object of the sentence is in accusative case.  रामः जलं पिबति|    Rama drinks water.    Here what does he drink? He drinks water. Water is the object of the sentence.    बालकः पाठं लिखति|           Boy reads lesson. वानराः तरून् आरोहन्ति|      The monkeys climb trees. मुनयः हरिं भजन्ति|       ...