संस्कृत विद्याभ्यास

Passive voice is called Karmani prayoga in Sanskrit. The sentence         Radha reads a book. is in active voice. When we convert it to passive voice it becomes        A book is read by Radha. How is that accomplished in Sanskrit? The subject should be written in Tritiya vibhakti - instrumental case. And the object is written in prathama vibhakti - nominative case. Active voice   kartari prayoga - राम​: पाठं पठति । Passive voice - karmani prayoga - रामेन पाठ​: पठ्यते | Here the verb पठ्यते follows the case, number and gender of object (karma) - पाठ​: If Rama reads multiple lessons - plural, then the sentences will be Active voice   kartari prayoga - राम​: पाठान् पठति । Passive voice - karmani prayoga - रामेन पाठानि पठ्यन्ते  | The verb  पठ्यन्ते is in plural in passive voice because पाठानि is plural. Let us write some more examples . Kartari                                                            Karmani मुनि: मोहं त्यजति ।